First and foremost, stay calm. Dogs can sense fear and anxiety, and it may affect their behavior. Avoid sudden movements or loud noises, as this can startle the dog or cause it to become defensive.
Observe the dog's body language. Is the dog friendly and wagging its tail, or does it seem anxious, aggressive, or cautious? If the dog appears friendly, it may simply be lost or enjoying some freedom, while an aggressive dog requires more caution.
If the dog seems unsure or aggressive, maintain a safe distance. Back away slowly and avoid eye contact, as staring can be interpreted as a challenge. Avoid turning your back on the dog, as this might trigger a chase response.
Even if the dog seems friendly, it’s best not to approach or pet a dog you don’t know. The dog may be off-leash because it’s not used to human interaction or might not be well-socialized. Wait for the dog to approach you if it’s comfortable doing so.
Look around for the dog’s owner. If the dog appears to be lost or running free in an unsafe area, try to find its owner nearby. If you can't find the owner and the dog seems lost or in danger, consider calling animal control or a local animal shelter for help.
If you’re walking with your own dog or other people, keep them safe. Place your dog behind you or use your body to shield others if necessary. In the case of an aggressive or confrontational dog, avoid turning your back, running, or making sudden moves that could escalate the situation.
If the dog seems dangerous or continues to approach aggressively, don’t hesitate to contact local authorities. Animal control or law enforcement can step in if necessary, especially if the dog poses a threat to people or other animals.